Dysmenorrhoea

While hormonal factors may certainly aggravate abdominal cramps and even IBS, this is distinct from the symptoms of dysmenorrhoea. The main symptom here is muscle cramps in the lower abdomen, occurring shortly before or during menstruation. The pain may come in intense spasms or may be described as a constant, dull ache. Pain can sometimes spread to the lower back and thighs. Studies suggest that three-quarters of young women and up to a half of adult women experience pain and discomfort during their period. For a fifth of women this pain is so severe that it stops them from carrying out their daily activities¹.

Symptoms normally last 12-24 hours although, in more severe cases, they may persist for several days. The pain is usually worst when the bleeding is heaviest.
The presence of other conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids or polyps may increase severity and duration of pain. Period pain may also be a factor for women who have recently had an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) fitted.

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• 1. “Dysmenorrhoea” NHS Direct. Available at www.cks.nhs.uk. Accessed 29/1/2010