Possible causes of abdominal cramps

During the normal process of digestion, the smooth muscle that lines the gastrointestinal tract moves in a controlled, rhythmic manner. These waves of peristalsis move the gut contents along the length of the digestive tract, allowing food to be mixed with digestive enzymes and the required nutrients to be absorbed. The entire digestive tract, however, is sensitive and easily disrupted. When peristaltic contractions occur out of synch, normally gentle, wave-like contractions can become strong, painful cramps. These changes to the way the gut moves can then exacerbate related symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation and gas. Symptoms may vary in intensity and last from a few hours to several days, particularly if left untreated.

Exactly why one person will suffer while another does not isn’t clear. However, there are certain recognised triggers:

• Certain foods such as fatty, spicy or rich foods, caffeine, alcohol and acidic citrus fruits
• Stress/anxiety – a hectic, stress-filled lifestyle can result in skipping meals, eating on the run, poor sleep and general worry
• Changes in daily routines e.g. travel, jetlag, shift working patterns.

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